Legends in Stone

Ancient Greece & Rome

Greek and Roman mythology, compared god by god

Legends in Stone is a comparative codex of the classical pantheon. Trace how 44 Greek and Roman deities line up — Zeus and Jupiter, Ares and Mars, Aphrodite and Venus — then follow the history of how Rome adopted, renamed and reshaped Greek religion, who wrote the myths down, and where the gods still live today in film, games and books.

44
Gods compared
VII
Orders of being
6
History essays
19
Ancient figures

Featured plates

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Zeus / Jupiter

Sky, Lightning, Law, & Royalty

Athena / Minerva

Wisdom, Strategy, & Craft

Ares / Mars

War, Courage, & Conflict

Aphrodite / Venus

Love, Beauty, & Desire

Hades / Pluto

Underworld, Wealth, & the Dead

Dionysus / Bacchus

Wine, Ecstasy, Theatre, & Rebirth

Roman Greece

How Rome took the Greek gods

Rome did not simply copy Greek myth. From the sixth century BCE it matched foreign gods to its own through interpretatio, imported cults by decree, and later rewrote the stories to serve the state. Greek colonists in southern Italy, Etruscan middlemen and a flood of Greek teachers after the conquest of Corinth in 146 BCE all shaped the result.

  • Renaming: Zeus became Jupiter, Ares became Mars, Aphrodite became Venus — but the Latin gods kept their own older characters.
  • State religion: the Senate consulted the Sibylline Books and imported Ceres, Liber and Libera in 496 BCE on official terms.
  • National myth: Virgil’s Aeneid made Rome descend from Trojan survivors and the gods who favoured them.

Library

The history behind the myths

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Poets, philosophers, emperors

The people who recorded the myths

Every myth we can read survives because someone wrote it down. Meet Homer and Hesiod, the historians Herodotus and Thucydides, the philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, and the Roman poets and emperors — Virgil, Ovid, Caesar and Augustus — who bent Greek stories to a Latin empire.

Browse the codex

Seven orders of being