Legends in Stone
Romanc. 4 BCE – 65 CE

Seneca the Younger

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

Nero's tutor, a Stoic moralist, and the author of Latin tragedies that fed Renaissance drama.

Stoic philosopherTragedianStatesman

“While we wait for life, life passes.”

Letters to Lucilius

Seneca advised the young emperor Nero before withdrawing from court. His Letters to Lucilius teach a practical Stoicism: control judgement, accept fortune, use time well. He was ordered to take his own life in 65 CE after being accused of conspiracy.

His tragedies — Medea, Thyestes, Phaedra — retell Greek myth with rhetorical horror, and were read and imitated from the Renaissance onward, influencing Shakespeare and Racine.

Legacy

He is the most readable of the Roman Stoics and a bridge between ancient philosophy and Christian ethics.

Contemporaries & successors

Cicero, Ovid, Virgil, Aeschylus